American Academy of Audiology. (1997) Identification of hearing loss & middle-ear dysfunction in preschool & school-age children. Audiol Today. 9, 21–23.
American National Standards Institute. (1987) Specifications for instruments to measure aural acoustic impedance and admittance (aural acoustic immittance). ANSI S3.39–1987. New York: American National Standards Institute.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1997) Guidelines for audiologic screening. Rockville MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Fowler, C. G., & Shanks, J. E. (2002). Tympanometry. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (5th ed.). (pp. 175 – 204). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Margolis, R. H., & Hunter, L. L. (2000). Acoustic Immittance Measurements. In R. J. Roeser, M. Valente & H. Hosford-Dunn (Ed.), Audiology diagnosis. (pp. 381 - 423). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Margolis, R. H., Bass-Ringdahl, S., Hanks, W. D., Holte, K., & Zapala, D. A. (2003). Tympanometry in newborn infants—1 kHz norms. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 14, 383–392
Onusko, E. (2004). Tympanometry. American Family Physician, 70 (9), 1713 – 1720.
Email: kerrie.lee2@bigpond.com
Date originally authored: 2012-11-20
Email: kerrie.lee2@bigpond.com
Date originally authored: 2012-11-20
- Licence: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
- Custodian Organisation: openEHR Foundation
- References: Derived from: Tympanogram Result – 226Hz, Draft archetype [Internet]. Australian Digital Health Agency (NEHTA), ADHA Clinical Knowledge Manager. Authored: 2012 Nov 20. Available at: http://dcm.nehta.org.au/ckm#showArchetype_1013.1.1111_5 (discontinued).¶ Previously derived from: Tympanogram, Draft archetype [Internet]. openEHR Foundation, openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager. Authored: 2012 Nov 20. Available at: http://www.openehr.org/knowledge/OKM.html#showarchetype_1013.1.73_2. American Academy of Audiology. (1997) Identification of hearing loss & middle-ear dysfunction in preschool & school-age children. Audiol Today. 9, 21–23. American National Standards Institute. (1987) Specifications for instruments to measure aural acoustic impedance and admittance (aural acoustic immittance). ANSI S3.39–1987. New York: American National Standards Institute. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1997) Guidelines for audiologic screening. Rockville MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Fowler, C. G., & Shanks, J. E. (2002). Tympanometry. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (5th ed.). (pp. 175 – 204). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Margolis, R. H., & Hunter, L. L. (2000). Acoustic Immittance Measurements. In R. J. Roeser, M. Valente & H. Hosford-Dunn (Ed.), Audiology diagnosis. (pp. 381 - 423). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Margolis, R. H., Bass-Ringdahl, S., Hanks, W. D., Holte, K., & Zapala, D. A. (2003). Tympanometry in newborn infants—1 kHz norms. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 14, 383–392 Onusko, E. (2004). Tympanometry. American Family Physician, 70 (9), 1713 – 1720.
- Current Contact: Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia
- Original Namespace: org.openehr
- Original Publisher: openEHR Foundation
- Custodian Namespace: org.openehr
- MD5-CAM-1.0.1: 6D4625A5EF7E5D665AFD565BE88D5059
- Build Uid: 1d10b5a1-e325-4992-978e-2040850877e9
- Revision: 0.0.1-alpha
- Descending [The pressure changes from positive to negative.]
- Ascending [The pressure changes from negative to positive.]
Property: null
Units:
- daPa/s
- mm[h2O]/s
- Peak compensated static [The peak pressure value of the tympanogram used to compensate for ear canal volume in measurement of static acoustic admittance.]
- Ambient compensated static [Admittance was measured using the Ambient compensated static acoustic admittance.]
Property: Pressure
Units:
- daPa
- mm[h2O]
Property: Pressure
Units:
- daPa
- mm[h2O]
Include:
openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1 and specialisations
ANSI S3.39 requires that three calibration cavities (0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 cm3) be checked with each device.
Property: Volume
Units: 0.5..5.0 cc3
Limit decimal places: 2
Assumed value: 0.5cc3
Limit decimal places: 2
- Left ear [The probe tone was presented to the left ear.]
- Right ear [The probe tone was presented to the right ear.]
Static compliance has been represented in the archetype twice, each with different units. Static compliance will only be recorded in data using the unit that is captured by the tympanometer in use - either volume units OR conductance units, but not both.
Each measurement pair will comprise one pressure measurment with one corresponding compliance measurement. Compliance has been represented in the archetype twice, each with different units. Compliance will only be recorded in data using the unit that is captured by the tympanometer in use - either volume units OR conductance units, but not both. Multiple instances of this measurement pair will form the basis for the graphical display of the tympanogram.
Property: Pressure
Units:
- -600.0..200.0 daPa
Limit decimal places: 0 - mm[h2O]
If the tympanometer records compliance in cc3 or ml, use this data element. If the tympanometer records compliance in mmho, use the 'Compliance (Conductance) data element.
Property: Volume
Units:
- 0.0..5.0 ml
Limit decimal places: 2 - 0.0..5.0 cc3
Limit decimal places: 2
If the tympanometer records compliance in mmho, use this data element. If the tympanometer records compliance in cc3 or ml, use the 'Compliance (Volume) data element.
Property: Electrical conductance
Units: 0.0..5.0 mmho
Limit decimal places: 2
Also known as Middle Ear Pressure (MEP). It is plotted on the horizontal axis on a tympanogram.
Property: Pressure
Units:
- -400.0..200.0 daPa
Limit decimal places: 0 - mm[h2O]
Property: Volume
Units:
- 0.0..5.0 ml
Limit decimal places: 2 - 0.0..5.0 cc3
Limit decimal places: 2
Also known as 'Static Admittance'. It is plotted on the verical axis of a tympanogram.
Property: Electrical conductance
Units: 0.0..5.0 mmho
Limit decimal places: 2
Property: Volume
Units:
- 0.0..5.0 cc3
Limit decimal places: 2 - 0.0..5.0 ml
Limit decimal places: 2
This value is typically derived from the Tympanogram curve. In some immittance machines, for example the Grason Stadler GSI 39, this data element is known as 'gradient'.
Property: Pressure
Units: 0.0..400.0 daPa
Limit decimal places: 0
This value is typically derived from the Tympanogram curve.
Choice of:
Quantity
Property: Electrical conductance
Units: mmho
Proportion- Unitary
Integral
Assumed value: false
Record as True if the clinician was unable to record a result for the test ear.
Allowed values: {true}
Coding with a terminology is preferred, where possible. For example, patient was not co-operative; patient was not capable; ran out of time; no seal; presence of tympanic membrane perforation, impacted wax or discharge.
If Type B or C subtypes are to be used in an implementation, these should be substituted for the global 'Type B' or 'Type C' classification here. Both 'Type B' and 'Type B - low compliance'/'Type B - high compliance' should not be used in the same implementation. Similarly, both 'Type C' and Types C1-3 should not be used in the same implementation.
- Type A [Curve with a distinctive sharp peak, around atmospheric pressure; normal static compliance; normal ear canal volume.]
- Type B [Flat or rounded curve with no measurable peak pressure, reduced static compliance; ear canal volume within normal range.]
- Type B with high ECV [Rounded curve with measurable peak pressure; reduced static compliance; ear canal volume above the normal range.]
- Type C [Curve similar to Type A , but with the sharp peak at a negative pressure.]
- Type D [A curve with a double peak; normal or reduced static compliance; normal ear canal volume.]
- Type As [A Type A curve but with reduced static compliance.]
- Type Ad [A Type A curve but with increased static compliance.]
- Indeterminate [It is not possible to determine the type of tympanogram Type.]
If the subtypes are to be used in an implementation, these should be substituted for the global Type B category in the 'Tympanogram Type' data element. Both 'Type B' and 'Type B - low/high compliance' should not be used in the same implementation. 'Type B - low complicance' is equivalent to the unqualified 'Type B' in the 'Tympanogram Type' data element.
- Type B - high volume [Rounded curve with no measurable peak pressure; static compliance on lower limits of normal range; ear canal volume within normal range.]
- Type B - low volume [Rounded curve with no measurable peak pressure, reduced static compliance; ear canal volume within normal range. Equivalent to the unqualified Type B classification.]
If the subtypes are to be used in an implementation, these should be substituted for the global Type C category in the 'Tympanogram Type' data element. Both Type C and Types C1-3 should not be used in the same implementation.
- Type C1 [A slight negative peak pressure, for example in range -100 to -199 daPa.]
- Type C2 [A significant negative peak pressure, for example -200 daPa or greater.]
- Type C3 [A negative peak pressure and low-normal static compliance.]
Coding with a terminology is preferred, where possible.
Coding with a terminology is preferred, where possible. This data element is effectively an tympanometric diagnosis.
image/cgm, image/gif, image/png, image/tiff, image/jpeg
Judith Boswell, Adelaide Hearing Consultants, Australia
Stephen Chu, NEHTA, Australia
Kimberley Crebbin, NT Hearing Services, Australia
Kathy Currie, Northern Territory Health, Australia
Jade Frederiksen, Hearing Health Program, DoH, Australia
Sam Harkus, Australian Hearing, Australia
Sam Heard, Ocean Informatics, Australia (Editor)
Oliver Hosking, Remote Health NT, Australia
Anthony Leech, Hearing Health, Australia
Kerrie Lee, Ngaanyatjarra Health Service, Australia
Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia (Editor)
Rebecca Matthews, NT Hearing Services - NTG, Australia
Ian McNicoll, Ocean Informatics UK, United Kingdom
Mark Ramjan, NT Department of Health, Australia
Kelly Simmons, Department of Health, Australia
Prasha Sooful, Royal Darwin Hospital, Australia