ARCHETYPE Intraocular pressure measurement (openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.intraocular_pressure.v0)

Name: Intraocular pressure measurement
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

ARCHETYPE ID	openEHR-EHR-OBSERVATION.intraocular_pressure.v0
Concept	Intraocular pressure measurement
Description	The local measurement of intraocular pressure, most commonly using a tonometry device.
Use	Use to record the measurement of intraocular pressure in a single eye per event. Record the details of each test of each eye using seperate events. The CLUSTER.exclusion_exam archetype can be nested within the 'Measurement not done' SLOT to optionally record explicit details about the measurement not being performed.
Purpose	To record one or multiple intraocular pressure measurements of the or eyes of an individual.
References	IHE Eye Care Domain. General Eye Evaluation (GEE) [Internet]. IHE; 2012. Available from: http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/upload/IHE_EyeCare_Supp_GEE_Rev1-1_TI_2012-06-29.pdf Royal College of Opthalmologists. Cataract National Dataset for Adults [Internet]. 2011. Available from: http://www.rcophth.ac.uk/page.asp?section=583&sectionTitle=Cataract+National+Data+Set+for+Adults CfH, UK. Do Once & Share - Glaucoma [Internet]. [cited 2012 Sep 26]. Available from: http://www.doasglaucoma.org/ DICOM Supplement 30 [Internet]. [cited 2012 Sep 26]. Available from: http://medical.nema.org/ Lamparter, J., & Hoffmann, E. M. (2009). Messung des Augeninnendrucks (Tonometrie) mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren. Der Ophthalmologe, 106(8), 676-682. Vantomme M, Pourjavan S, Detry-Morel M. The range of the waveform score of the ocular response analyzer (ora) in healthy subjects. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2013;(322):91–7. Haag-Streit. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Applanation tonometer AT 900® / AT 870 [Internet]. Haag-Streit; [cited 2025 Oct 6]. Available from: https://haag-streit.com/2%20Products/General%20diagnostics/Tonometers/Tonometer%20AT%20900/Instructions%20for%20use/1500%207006000%2004270_IFU_AT_900_01_en_web.pdf
Copyright	© openEHR Foundation
Authors	Author name: Gustavo M Bacelar-Silva Organisation: Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto Email: mail@gustavobacelar.com Date originally authored: 2012-06-05
Other Details Language	Author name: Gustavo M Bacelar-Silva Organisation: Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto Email: mail@gustavobacelar.com Date originally authored: 2012-06-05
Other Details (Language Independent)	Licence: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. Custodian Organisation: openEHR Foundation References: IHE Eye Care Domain. General Eye Evaluation (GEE) [Internet]. IHE; 2012. Available from: http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/upload/IHE_EyeCare_Supp_GEE_Rev1-1_TI_2012-06-29.pdf Royal College of Opthalmologists. Cataract National Dataset for Adults [Internet]. 2011. Available from: http://www.rcophth.ac.uk/page.asp?section=583§ionTitle=Cataract+National+Data+Set+for+Adults CfH, UK. Do Once & Share - Glaucoma [Internet]. [cited 2012 Sep 26]. Available from: http://www.doasglaucoma.org/ DICOM Supplement 30 [Internet]. [cited 2012 Sep 26]. Available from: http://medical.nema.org/ Lamparter, J., & Hoffmann, E. M. (2009). Messung des Augeninnendrucks (Tonometrie) mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren. Der Ophthalmologe, 106(8), 676-682. Vantomme M, Pourjavan S, Detry-Morel M. The range of the waveform score of the ocular response analyzer (ora) in healthy subjects. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2013;(322):91–7. Haag-Streit. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Applanation tonometer AT 900® / AT 870 [Internet]. Haag-Streit; [cited 2025 Oct 6]. Available from: https://haag-streit.com/2%20Products/General%20diagnostics/Tonometers/Tonometer%20AT%20900/Instructions%20for%20use/1500%207006000%2004270_IFU_AT_900_01_en_web.pdf Current Contact: Lars Fuhrmann, lars.fuhrmann@dog.org Original Namespace: org.openehr Original Publisher: openEHR Foundation Custodian Namespace: org.openehr MD5-CAM-1.0.1: 942FFAEF282239582775D1BF1980EE24 Build Uid: c9e67558-9165-4ec4-95ba-ed3c70630e5a Ip Acknowledgements: This artefact includes content from SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is copyrighted material of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO). Where an implementation of this artefact makes use of SNOMED CT content, the implementer must have the appropriate SNOMED CT Affiliate license - for more information contact https://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed or info@snomed.org. Revision: 0.0.1-alpha
Keywords	IOP, tonometry, glaucoma, eye, eye pressure
Lifecycle	in_development
UID	1570d6f6-b0b7-4f28-b050-2dbff9d2d863
Language used	en
Citeable Identifier	1246.145.2715
Revision Number	0.0.1-alpha
protocol
Extension	Extension: Additional information required to capture local content or to align with other reference models/formalisms. For example: local information requirements or additional metadata to align with FHIR or CIMI equivalents. Include: All not explicitly excluded archetypes
state
Method	Method: Type of tonometery used to measure intraocular pressure. at0047::Goldmann [Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::389152008 \| Goldmann applanation tonometry] at0048::Perkins [Perkins tonometry was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::389151001 \| Perkins applanation tonometry] at0049::Tono-Pen [Tono-Pen Tono-Pen applanation tonometry was used to perform the test..] at0050::Rebound [Rebound tonometry, including iCare® devices, was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::1286870002 \| Rebound tonometry] at0051::Dynamic Contour [Dynamic contour tonometry including PASCAL® devices was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::1286902005 \| Dynamic contour tonometry] at0053::Transpalpebral tonometer [Tonometry through an eyelid, using a device such as the TGDc-01, was used to perform the test.] at0066::Non-contact tonometry [Non-contact tonometry was used to perfrom the test.] [SNOMED-CT::389150000 \| Non-contact tonometry] at0095::Implanted pressure sensor [An implanted pressure sensor was used to perform the test.] at0096::Goldmann-Correlated Ocular Response Analysis [Ocular Response Analyzer® was used to perform the test, with the goldmann-correlated (IOPg) output.] [SNOMED-CT::1286913008 \| Ocular response analyzer tonometry - Goldmann-correlated] at0097::Palpation [The intraocular pressure was estimated by palpation using the examiners fingers.] [SNOMED-CT::1286917009 \| Tonometry by palpation] at0098::Visual Inspection [The Intraocular pressure was estimated by visual inspection. Typically only possible in unpressurized or open globes.] at0099::Pneumatotonometer [Pneumatotonometry was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::252804008 \| Pneumatic tonometry] at0100::Schiøtz [Schiøtz Tonomety was used to perform the test.] [SNOMED-CT::389149000 \| Schiotz tonometry]
Correction Type	Correction Type: The method used to produce the corrected pressure value. at0090::IOPcc - corneal-compensated ocular response analysis [The Ocular Response Analyser output value that is corrected for corneal parameters.] at0091::bIOP - biomechanically corrected noncontact IOP [The Corvis ST Scheimpflug noncontact tonometer's output value that is corrected based on biomechanical parameters.] at0092::Corrected for CCT [The Pressure was corrected for central corneal thickness.]
Confounding factors	Confounding factors: Description of any incidental factors related to the state of the subject which may affect clinical interpretation of the measurement. Choice of: Text Coded Text at0101::General anaesthesia [The patient was under general anaesthesia during the measurement.] at0102::Sedation [The patient was under sedation during the measurement.] at0103::Blepharospasm at0104::Reduced Cooperation at0105::Measurement Interrupted
Citation of central corneal thickness used for correction	Citation of central corneal thickness used for correction: Include: openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.citation.v0
Prism graduation mark on 43° offset mark	Prism graduation mark on 43° offset mark: The value of the degree of the graduation mark on the Goldmann prism probe that was aligned with 43° offset mark, usually a visible by a red line or the letter A. Property: Angle, plane Units: ° (UCUM: deg)
Prism graduation mark on horizontal meridian	Prism graduation mark on horizontal meridian: The value of the degree of the graduation mark on the Goldmann prism probe that was aligned with the horizontal meridian mark of the probe holder at the time of measurement. Important in the context of high astigmatism. See Goldmann tonometry Instruction booklet in references for details. Property: Angle, plane Units: ° (UCUM: deg)
Device details	Device details: Details about the tonometry device used to measure intraocular pressure. Include: openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1 and specialisations
Position	Position: The position of the individual at the time of measurement. at0110::Standing [Standing at the time of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::10904000 \| Orthostatic body position] at0111::Sitting [Sitting at the time of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::33586001 \| Sitting position] at0112::Lying in supine position [Lying in supine position (face up) at the time of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::40199007 \| Supine body position] at0113::Lying in prone position [Lying in prone position (face down) at the time of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::1240000 \| Prone body position] at0114::Lying in left lateral decubitus position [Lying on the left hand side of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::102536004 \| Left lateral decubitus position] at0115::Lying in right lateral decubitus position [Lying on the right hand side of the intraocular pressure measurement.] [SNOMED-CT::102535000 \| Right lateral decubitus position]
Pupil state	Pupil state: at0118::Medically induced Miosis [The pupil is constricted due to administration of miotic agents.] at0122::Medically induced Mydriasis [The pupil is dilated due to administration of mydriatic agents.] at0120::Pathological Pupil State [The pupil i s due to disease, trauma, or structural abnormalities.] at0121::Normal [The pupil is in its natural physiological state without pharmacological intervention or pathological changes.]
data
Eye examined	Eye examined: Identification of the eye under examination. at0058::Left eye [The left eye was examined.] [SNOMED-CT::1290031003 \| Structure of left eye proper] at0059::Right eye [The right eye was examined.] [SNOMED-CT::1290032005 \| Structure of right eye proper]
Pressure	Pressure: Measured intraocular pressure, using the method described in the 'Method' element. For devices that output multiple pressure values based on one measurement, this element is used for the uncorrected output. Use the 'Corrected Pressure' and 'Correction type' elements for outputs that have taken more variable such as corneal parameters into consideration. Property: Pressure Units: 0.0..30000.0 mmHg (UCUM: mm[Hg]) Limit decimal places: 1
Corrected pressure	Corrected pressure: Corrected value for intraocular pressure. For devices that output multiple pressure values, this element should be used for the values that take aditional parameters into account for a correction of the raw pressure value. The method of correction used is specified in the 'correction type' element. Property: Pressure Units: 0.0..30000.0 mmHg (UCUM: mm[Hg]) Limit decimal places: 1
Waveform Score	Waveform Score: Waveform Score produced by the Ocular Response Analyser device. Higher values indicate higher reliability.
Semiquantitative Estimation	Semiquantitative Estimation: Semi-quantitative description of the hardness of the eye. Typically performed by palpation with the examiners fingers. Use of this element instead of the pressure element may be appropriate when the method used is insufficiently precise to express in mmHg. at0085::Unpressurized [The eyeball appears to lack any internal pressure.] at0086::Low [The pressure appears to be below the normal range.] at0087::Normal [The pressure appears to be within the normal range.] at0088::High [The pressure appears to be above the normal range.] at0089::Very HIgh [The pressure appears to be extremely elevated, sometimes referred to as a rock-hard eye.]
Clinical interpretation	Clinical interpretation: Single word, phrase or brief description that represents the clinical meaning and significance of the physical examination findings.
Comment	Comment: Additional narrative about the measurement, not captured in other fields.
Test not done	Test not done: Details to explicitly record that this test was not performed. Include: openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.exclusion_exam.v1 and specialisations
events
Any event	Any event: Default, unspecified point in time or interval event which may be explicitly defined in a template or at run-time.
Other contributors	Ian McNicoll, freshEHR Informatics, UK Ian Rodrigues, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK Lars Fuhrmann, Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (DOG), Germany Ariel Ong, University College London, UK Heather Leslie, Atomica Informatics, Australia Silje Ljosland Bakke, Helse Vest IKT AS, Norway Aitor Eguzkitza, UPNA (Public University of Navarre) - CHN (Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra), Spain
Translators	Norwegian Bokmål: Silje Ljosland Bakke, Helse Vest IKT AS, silje.ljosland.bakke@helse-vest-ikt.no