Organisation: Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all
Email: kludt.eugen@mh-hannover.de
Date originally authored: 2026-04-22
Organisation: Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all
Email: kludt.eugen@mh-hannover.de
Date originally authored: 2026-04-22
- Licence: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
- Custodian Organisation: HiGHmed
- Original Namespace: org.highmed
- Original Publisher: HiGHmed
- Custodian Namespace: org.highmed
- MD5-CAM-1.0.1: EFCD0BFC5A8F72CD176B00CE8A20EBE7
- Build Uid: f1f0e07e-348b-4674-bfd6-8df10d2f86b0
- Revision: 0.0.1-alpha
Choose one modality per Measurement run. Typical clinical use: Air conduction — supra-aural / circumaural headphones or insert earphones; standard for detecting overall hearing loss. Bone conduction — bone vibrator on mastoid or forehead; used together with air conduction to separate conductive from sensorineural components. Free-field / sound field — loudspeaker presentation; used for unaided sound-field thresholds and for aided measurements with hearing aids or cochlear implants in situ. Device stimulation — stimulus delivered directly through the hearing device (e.g. direct audio input, streaming, or implant telemetry); used for device-specific threshold assessment. Other — any modality not covered above; specify in the protocol Comment.
- air conduction [Sound delivered via earphones or insert phones]
- bone conduction [Sound delivered via a bone conduction transducer]
- freefield / sound field [Sound presented through loudspears (sound field is alternative to be discussed in review)]
- device stimulation [Sound presented directly through hearing device]
- other [Other modality not covered by the predefined codes.]
- Left ear [The test stimuli were presented to the left ear.]
- Right ear [The test stimuli were presented to the right ear.]
- Binaural [The test stimuli were presented to both ears simultaneously.]
Use to distinguish whether the measurement targets hearing threshold (HTL), most comfortable level (MCL), or uncomfortable level (UCL/LDL). This describes the intent of the stimulus presentation, not the subject's loudness rating or loudness-scaling outcome
Choice of:
Coded Text- Hearing threshold [The lowest stimulus level at which the tone is detected.]
- Most comfortable loudness level (MCL) [The stimulus level judged as most comfortable for sustained listening.]
- Uncomfortable loudness level (UCL) [The stimulus level judged as uncomfortably loud.]
Text
If masked threshold is measured, this cluster occures twice in template for stimulus and masker.
Choice of:
- Coded Text
- Headphone [The stimulus is presented via external headphones - either circumaural or supraaural.]
- Insert earphone [The stimulus is presented via insert earphones.]
- Loudspeaker [The stimulus is presented via a loudspeaker located at least one metre away from the subject.]
- Direct streaming to sound processor [The stimulus is directly streamed to the sound processor of a hearing device.]
- Bone conduction transducer [The stimulus is presented via bone conducter transducer]
- Text
For example: type of headphone or speaker.
Include:
openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1
If the type of stimulus is broadband, use 'Name of test stimulus' for further specification. If the type of noise is a tone or a narrowband noise, use 'Frequency of test stimulus' for further specification.
Choice of:
- Coded Text
- Tone burst [The test stimulus is a tone burst.]
- Click [The test stimulus is a click.]
- Warble tone [The test stimulus is a frequency modulated tone.]
- Pure tone [The test stimulus is a pure tone.]
- Narrowband noise [The test stimulus is a narrow band noise centred on the specified frequency.]
- Pulsed pure tone [The test stimulus is a pulsed pure tone.]
- Broadband noise [The test stimulus is a broad band noise.]
- Natural sound [The test stimulus is a natural/recorded sound.]
- Text
Provides name of test stimulus, if it has an established name or description of natural sound. For example: IFNoise, Icra1 or, for natural sounds, birds.
For bone conduction, position is typically 'Left ear', 'Right ear' or 'Forehead'.
Choice of:
- Coded Text
- Left ear
- Right ear
- Forehead [Boneconduction transducer placed on forehear]
- Text
- dB SPL [The test stimuli are calibrated using the sound pressure level scale.]
- dB HL [The test stimuli are calibrated using the hearing level scale.]
- dB nHL [The test stimuli are calibrated using the normal hearing level scale.]
This data element is commonly used in industry hearing programs.
Choice of:
- Coded Text
- Sound treated room [Test environment that has been treated acoustically.]
- Non-sound treated room [Test environment that has not been treated acoustically.]
- Free-field [Room with free-field characteristics.]
- Text
For example: specific audiometric booth or a free text description of the room's sound treatment.
Include:
openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1
For example: local information requirements; or additional metadata to align with FHIR.
Include:
All not explicitly excluded archetypes
For example, the co-operation of the test subject or description of the method used for testing.
For example: hearing aid or cochlear implant as type of device.
Include:
openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.device.v1
- Left [The hearing device is worn at the left side.]
- Right [The hearing device is worn at the right side.]
For example: information about hearing device settings.
For example: medication or noise exposure prior to test.
All Measurement clusters of one run (same tested side, modality, perceptual target level and signal source) are recorded together in the same data point. Repeat the cluster once per (frequency × masking condition); at most two entries per frequency are expected (one unmasked and one masked)
Property: Frequency
Units:
- 125.0..16000.0 Hz
Limit decimal places: 0 - 0.125..16.0 kHz
Limit decimal places: 3
Property: Loudness
Units: -10.0..120.0 dB
Limit decimal places: 0
- Perception [Perceptual target level was reached.]
- No perception [Maximum level presented without obtaining a threshold]
- Unsure perception [Stimunus perception was not reproducable]
- Non-auditory perception [E.g., vibration]
- Contralateral perception [Stimulus is perceived on the non-tested side]
Property: Loudness
Units: -10.0..120.0 dB
Limit decimal places: 0
For example: if measurement was not completed or maximum level was reached.
Record as True if no result is available.
Allowed values: {true}
Coding with an external terminology is preferred, where possible. For example: patient was not cooperative; patient was not capable; ran out of time; maximum level reached.
Mareike Buhl, University of Oldenburg and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Germany
Daniel Berg, University of Oldenburg and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Germany